Jumat, 16 Maret 2012

TENSES


·        Understanding of tenses

The meaning of tenses, is a description or explanation of when an event, and actions. Events or actions occur in a sentence: current – past – or future. Or change the verb form in accordance with the time occurrence of an event and change the time information.


·        a variety of tenses
A. Present Tense
  1. Simple Present Tense
  2. Present Continuous Tense
  3. Present Perfect Tense
  4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
B. Past Tense
  1. Simple Past Tense
  2. Past Continuous Tense
  3. Past Perfect Tense
  4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
C. Future Tense
  1. Simple Future Tense
  2. Future Continuous Tense
  3. Future Perfect Tense
  4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
D. Past Future Tense
  1. Past Future Tense
  2. Past Future Continuous Tense
  3. Past Future Perfect Tense
  4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense




  •  Example tenses Aktif & Pasif
Tenses
Example Aktif
Example Pasif
Simple Present
She drives the car
The car is driven by her
Simple Past
She drove the car
The car was driven by her
Simple Future
She will drive the car
The car will be driven by her
Present Continuous
She is driving the car
The car is being driven by her
Past Continuous
She was driving the car
The car was being driven by her


DAFTAR PUSTAKA


Azar, Betty Schrampfer, 1992, Fundamentals of English Grammar, Second Edition, New Jersey, Regents/Prentice Hall

Bloomfield, Leonard, 1995, Bahasa, Language, diIndonesiakan oleh I. Soetikno, Jakarta,PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama

Chaer, Abdul. 1995. Pengantar Semantik Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta : PT. Rineka Cipta.

Chaer, Abdul Drs, 2002, Psikolinguistik Kajian Teoritik, Jakarta, Rineka Cipta

Frank, Marcella, 1972, Modern English, A Practical Reference Guide, New Jersey, Prentice Hall

Frank, Marcella, 1972, Modern English, Exercise for Non-native speakers, New Jersey, Prentice Hall

Fromkin, Victoria and Robert Rodman, 1983, An Introduction to Language, Third Edition, New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston

Fromkin, Victoria and Robert Rodman, 1993, An Introduction to Language, Fifth Edition, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publisher

Goddard, Cliff, 1998, Semantic Analysis, A Practical Introduction, Oxford University Press

Halliday, M.A.K, 1985, An Introduction to Functional Grammar, Great Britain, Edward Arnold (Publishers)

Hornby, A S, 1975, Guide to Patterns and Usage in English, Second Edition, The English Language Book Society and Oxford University Press


Hurford, James R and Brendan Heasley, 1983, Semantics: a coursebook, Cambridge University Press

Kroeger, Paul R, 2004, Analyzing Syntax, A Lexical-Functional Approach, New York, Cambridge University Press

Larson, Mildred L, 1984, Meaning-Based Translation, A Guide to Cross-Language Equivalent, University Press of America

Larson, L, 1989, Penerjemahan Berdasar Makna : Pedoman untuk Pemadanan Antar Bahasa, Meaning-based Trnslation: A Guide to Cross- Language Equivalence. Diindonesiakan oleh Kencanawati Taniran. Jakarta, Arcan.

Lyons, John, 1995, Pengantar Teori Linguistik, Introduction to Theotrotical Linguistic, diIndonesiakan oleh I. Soetikno, Jakarta, P.T. Gramedia Pustaka Utama

Miller, J, 1985, Semantic and Syntax, Parallel and Connections, London, Cambridge University Press

Pateda, Dr. Mansoer, 1994, Linguistik (Sebuah Pengantar), Bandung, Angkasa

Quirk, Randolph, dkk, 1985, A Comprehensive grammar of The English Language, Longman

Song, Jae Jung, 2001, Linguistic Typology: Morphology and Syntax, Longman Linguistics Library, Person Educated Limited.

Spankie, G. M, 1989, More Grammar You Need, Macmillan Publishers Ltd

Swan, Michael, 1995, Practical English Usage, Oxford University Press

Thomas, Linda, 1993, Beginning Syntax, Oxford, Blackwell

Thomson, A. J and A.V Martinet, 1986, A Practical English Grammar, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press

Verhaar, J.M.W, 2004, Azas-azas Linguistik Umum, Yogyakarta : Gajah Mada